An encryption algorithm outputs a ciphertext.  What is/are the input(s)?  Pick all the correct answers.  (Marks may be deducted for wrong answers.)

Pick all the descriptions of active attacks. (Marks may be deducted for wrong choices.)

Pick a security property that has been compromised in the following scenario.  (There may be more than one correct answer.  You only need to pick one.)

Alice found that she could not send messages in her instant messaging app.