The military control

exerted by colonial powers.

The effects of domination and subordination in

postcolonial contexts.

The fixed and

universal nature of race based on biology or culture.

The

interconnectedness and hybrid forms of colonial and colonized cultures.

Spend a limited amount of time observing people.

Read theories, hypotheses, comparison of scientists in this field of knowledge.

Spend a significant amount of time observing people, listening to their conversations, and asking questions.

Conduct research from a distance without direct interaction.

Because a practical tool that very clearly illustrates the economy of the population.

Because narratives provide structured explanations for how the world works.

Because it focuses only on characters and narrative structures.

Because it makes cultural studies more difficult.

To provide a superficial understanding of cultures.

Confirmation of the hypothesis depending on the theoretical basis.

To offer a detailed and comprehensive understanding of cultures through intensive fieldwork.

To rely solely on second-hand information.

Physical conditions

Geography

Textual approaches

Ethnography

Culture should remain isolated and unchanged by globalization.

Culture is better understood as a hybrid and creolized phenomenon that unfolds within global space 

Culture should avoid mixing and interaction with other cultural routes

Culture should only focus on fixed locations and roots.

Language is always embedded in social practices, and all practices carry meaning

Language is not embedded in social practices.

It separates culture from language.

Language is an instrument used only in literature