adjusts the fine focus

magnifies the specimen

adjusts the stage height

increases/decreases resolution

adjusts the contrast

It oxidises NADH, providing NAD⁺ for glycolysis

It provides NADH that is oxidised in the electron transport chain

It directly produces ATP

It produces lactate, the substrate required for the TCA cycle

It oxidises NADPH, providing NADP⁺ for glycolysis

Synthesis of G3P

Reduction of NADPH

Splitting of a water molecule

CO₂ combines with H₂O

CO₂ oxidation

Synthesises and modifies proteins to be secreted from the cell

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials

Plays a role in metabolic processes, such as Ca+ storage

Generation of the cell's ATP (energy) supply

Controls traffic of materials into and out of the cell

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

The Golgi apparatus

A mitochondria

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleus

a phospholipid

a transmembrane protein

a cholesterol molecule

a glycolipid

a glycoprotein

Pro-eukaryotic theory

Endomembrane theory

Endosymbiotic theory

Phagocytotic theory

Chemiosmotic theory