There are few ways to regulate the process of glycolysis. The first of these is the regulation of the enzymes involved in glycolysis.

There are three key enzymes that are involved in the regulation of glycolysis. What are they?

Yeast seems to consume far more sugar when they are growing anaerobically compared to aerobically.

Using your understanding of the amount of energy produced through glycolysis, explain this scenario in the text box below.

The diagram shows various reactions of the glycolytic pathway. Which reaction(s) produces ATP as its product?

The second way to regulate glycolysis is by changing the types of enzymes involved in glycolysis in different types of cells.

For example, hexokinase is the first enzyme of the glycolysis pathway in most cells of the body, but glucokinase is used by liver cells instead. They both produce the same end product, glucose-6-phosphate.

Glucokinase has a low affinity for glucose compared to hexokinase which has high affinity to glucose. Explain the reasoning behind this.

Hexokinase	Glucokinase

What is the main energy reserve in animals and humans?

How many chiral carbon atoms are found in this sugar?

Energy Transformation

The major purpose of the electron transport chain is to provide the energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

The energy is provided by:

Effect of cyanide

As you may know from reading detective fiction or watching crime shows, cyanide is a very rapidly acting poison.  You suspect that it affects the respiratory chain and so you have designed an experiment to investigate its mechanism of action using techniques that you have just used to invesitgate DNP and MPP+.

The results of your investigation are that upon addition of cyanide, oxygen consumption is inhibited when BOTH glutamate and succinate are used as substrates. From this, you conclude:

Uncouplers

Uncouplers increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons which allows protons to diffuse back across the membrane and so disrupt the proton gradient. 

Based on your experimental observations, the effect of this will be: