How many ATP are made when 1 FADH₂ is used by the electron transport chain?

While oxygen is not directly used by the TCA cycle, it cannot happen without oxygen. What is the reasoning behind this? 

What process provides a temporary supply of glucose for muscle during exercise?

Enter answer: cycle.

How many ATP are made when 1 NADH is used by the electron transport chain?

Yeast seems to consume far more sugar when they are growing anaerobically compared to aerobically.

Using your understanding of the amount of energy produced through glycolysis, explain this scenario in the text box below.

There are few ways to regulate the process of glycolysis. The first of these is the regulation of the enzymes involved in glycolysis.

There are three key enzymes that are involved in the regulation of glycolysis. What are they?

The fourth way to regulate glycolysis is at a cellular level. For example, transport of glucose in and out of the cell depends on the number of glucose transporters. When blood glucose levels are normal these transporters are vesicle bound and are in the cytoplasm. When the blood glucose levels are high a hormone signals the vesicles to come to the plasma membrane and fuse forming the glucose transporters that allow glucose to come into the cell.

What is the name of this regulatory hormone that is produced when blood glucose levels are high?

Enter answer.

Which one of these statements about glycolysis is incorrect?

Glycolysis requires the cofactor NAD+. The cells must continuously replenish NAD⁺.

Which one of these is not a way for cells to replenish their NAD⁺?

The second way to regulate glycolysis is by changing the types of enzymes involved in glycolysis in different types of cells.

For example, hexokinase is the first enzyme of the glycolysis pathway in most cells of the body, but glucokinase is used by liver cells instead. They both produce the same end product, glucose-6-phosphate.

Glucokinase has a low affinity for glucose compared to hexokinase which has high affinity to glucose. Explain the reasoning behind this.

Hexokinase	Glucokinase