[H⁺][ H₂O]

[H₂O][OH^–]

[H₃O⁺][OH^–][ H₂O]

[H₃O⁺][OH^–]

[HCOO^-]_initial× 100

[H₃O⁺]_eq [HCOO^-]_initial / [HCOOH]_initial× 100

[H₃O⁺]_eq / [HCOOH]_initial× 100

[H₂O]_eq / [HCOOH]_initial× 100

Redox reactions occur when a reducing agent gains electrons from an oxidizing agent.

Covalent compounds can undergo redox reactions.

Redox reactions occur only between metals and nonmetals.

Redox reactions involve only loss of electrons.

The charge of a reductant becomes increasingly positive.

A reductant is a substance that causes the reduction of another substance.

A reductant oxidizes the oxidant.

A reductant loses electrons.

It is a proton donor.

It is an electron acceptor.

It is a substance that produces a hydroxide ion,

It is a proton acceptor.

The stratum corneum

The stratum granulosum

The stratum spinosum

The stratum basale

Basic

Neutral

Acidic below 25°C and basic above 25°C

Acidic

The presence of an extra proton in the conjugate base

The presence of an extra electron in the acid

The presence of an extra electron in the conjugate base

The presence of an extra proton in the acid

the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution

the concentration of potassium ions in the solution

the K_Wof the solution

the concentration of hydronium ions in the solution

halogenation

saponification

autoxidation

sulphonation