They are secreted from pancreatic acinar cells.

They are released in their inactive form, known as zymogens.

Most of the pancreatic digestive enzymes are secreted during the intestinal phase.

Pancreatic digestive enzymes are activated in the pancreatic ducts.

Trypsin activates pancreatic digestive enzymes in the small intestine lumen.

Seeing, smelling, or even thinking about food can initiate this phase of digestion.

This phase is triggered when food enters the stomach.

Once chyme enters the duodenum, this triggers the Cephalic phase.

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Most of the gastric acid production occurs during this phase.

Is produced by enteroendocrine cells during the intestinal phase.

Promotes bicarbonate rich fluid from pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in small intestine.

Promotes production of somatostatin.

Inhibits G cells, leading to reduced production of Gastrin.

Promotes parietal cells to produce more acid in the stomach.

Acetylcholine produced by the Vagus nerve inhibits parietal cells to produce acid

Histamine produced by ECL cells inhibits parietal cells to produce acid

Gastrin produced by ECL cells stimulates parietal cells to produce acid

Gastrin produced by G cells stimulates parietal cells to produce acid

Histamine produced by G cells inhibits parietal cells to produce acid

They are being increased to build up more

glucose stores

There is no change in muscle glycogen stores

during exercise.

They are being depleted to provide fuel

for energy production

Exercise triggers increased insulin levels

Exercise triggers increased insulin and glucagon

levels

Exercise triggers increased glucagon

levels

Exercise has no effect on insulin or glucagon

levels

Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels

fall

Both hormone levels rise

Glucagon levels rise and insulin levels fall

Both hormone levels are reduced

Both hormone levels rise

Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels fall

Glucagon levels rise and insulin levels

fall

 Both hormone levels are reduced

Plasma levels of glucagon are increased

after exercise to prevent blood glucose levels from dropping too low

Glucagon inhibits release of glucose from

glycogen stores in liver and muscle cells

Glucagon inhibits breakdown of amino acids in

the liver

Glucagon inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue

Insulin promotes expression of glucose

channels on liver, muscle and adipose cells to facilitate increased uptake of

glucose 

Insulin promotes production of new glucose in

the liver (glyconeogenesis)

Insulin triggers liver cells to convert stored

glucose (glycogen) back into glucose

Insulin stimulates breakdown of fatty acids in

the liver