Consider

this function:

CREATE
OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_fullname (
    p_emp_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
    v_fullname VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
    SELECT first_name || '-' || last_name
    INTO  
v_fullname
    FROM  
HR.employees
    WHERE 
employee_id = p_emp_id;
 
    RETURN v_fullname;
 
EXCEPTION
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found for ID: ' || p_emp_id);
 
    WHEN OTHERS THEN
        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Unexpected error in get_employee_fullname: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/

What is the output of this program given above table:

DECLARE
    v_name VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
    v_name := get_employee_fullname(-1);  
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' || v_name);
END;
/

Consider this function:

CREATE
OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_fullname (
    p_emp_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
    v_fullname VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
    SELECT first_name || '-' || last_name
    INTO  v_fullname  FROM  HR.employees
    WHERE employee_id = p_emp_id;
 
    RETURN v_fullname;
 
EXCEPTION
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'Employee not found for ID: ' || p_emp_id);
 
    WHEN OTHERS THEN
        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Unexpected error in get_employee_fullname: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/

What is the output of this program given below table:

DECLARE
    v_name VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
    v_name := get_employee_fullname(101);  -
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' || v_name);
END;
/

Consider

the following code:

CREATE
OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_grade (
    p_marks IN NUMBER
)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
    v_grade VARCHAR2(2);
BEGIN
    IF p_marks >= 90 THEN
        v_grade := 'A';
    ELSIF p_marks >= 75 THEN
        v_grade := 'B';
    ELSIF p_marks >= 60 THEN
        v_grade := 'C';
    ELSE
        v_grade := 'F';
    END IF;
 
    RETURN v_grade;
END;
/
And
also: 
 
DECLARE
    v_result VARCHAR2(2);
BEGIN
    v_result := calculate_grade(82);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Student Grade = ' || v_result);
END;
/

Question: What will be the output of the PL/SQL block above when calculate_grade(82) is executed

Consider the following code:

CREATE
OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_values (
    p_num1  IN     NUMBER,   
    p_num2  OUT    NUMBER,   
    p_num3  IN OUT NUMBER    
) IS
BEGIN
    p_num2 := p_num1 * 2;
    p_num3 := p_num3 + p_num2;
 
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Inside procedure:');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('p_num1 (IN)     = ' || p_num1);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('p_num2 (OUT)    = ' || p_num2);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('p_num3 (IN OUT) = ' || p_num3);
END;
/
And the following program:
DECLARE
    v1 NUMBER := 5;
    v2 NUMBER;        -- OUT parameter
    v3 NUMBER := 10;  -- IN OUT parameter
BEGIN
    update_values(v1, v2, v3);
 
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Outside procedure:');
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('v1 = ' || v1);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('v2 = ' || v2);
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('v3 = ' || v3);
END;
/

Question:

After executing the code, what will be the final values of the variables outside the procedure?