Citizenship- characterizes the relationship between a citizen and a political community. This is indicated by citizen’s involvement in state affairs, with respect to its economic and social processes, institutions, laws, rights, and responsibilities.

Virtue is the ability of the community to get back on its feet after a calamity and continue with its existence.

 Field researchers spend ample time to immerse themselves in their subject  community.

Progress, on the other hand, is long-term as it is targeted to a forward-thinking mindset that anticipates future events and repercussions

The area we live is another classification of communities. Scholars see the value of looking into the different geographic locations of where human settlements are, to categorize communities by virtue of population, space, and accessibility. 

Conflict Theory - explains that conflict between the holders of power and the disenfranchised are the drivers of social change and conflict is a necessary characteristic in social relations. 

Community challenges the community to be creative and finds new ways of planning, implementing, and sustaining growth. 

After the World War II, globalization was in as the free market started taking over the world. People and governments opened up for the international community. 

Durkheim establishes that what is true to an individual may not be used as a generalization in describing the society he or she is in. 

Planning is the next step in realizing ideas from a blueprint. It needs not only the people who are directly affected but also experts, industry leaders, and scholars who can contribute their knowledge and experience to the planning.