Non-spontaneous processes are those that do not take place by themselves or  is a type of reaction which cannot occur without the input of work from an external source.

In thermodynamics, an ___process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant.

A system suffers an increase in internal energy of 80 J and at the same time has 50 J of work done on it. What is the heat change of the system?

Spontaneous processes are those that can proceed with any outside intervention.

Predict the entropy change (ΔS) if the temperature of crystal is increased.

Calculate the enthalpy (ΔH) for the process in which 45.0 grams of water is converted from liquid at 10° C to vapor at 30° C.

___ states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes.

The ___ is a unit of energy defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 cm³ of water by one degree Celsius.

The ____ of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Which phase of matter has the greatest motion and least orderly arrangement?