Negotiating trade agreements with non-EU countries

Enforcing environmental regulations within the EU

Administering the Erasmus+ program

Implementing the EU's common foreign and security policy

Regional and local authorities within the EU

EU citizens directly elected by the public

National governments of EU member states

The European Central Bank

National parliaments of EU member states

National governments of EU member states

European Commissioners

European Parliament members

Negotiating trade agreements with non-EU countries

Regulating competition among EU businesses

Setting consumer protection standards

Enforcing environmental regulations in commercial sectors

Harmonize digital regulations and promote e-commerce across member states

Limit access to digital technologies in less-developed regions

Promote traditional media industries

Regulate internet usage and restrict online freedoms

Regulate the internet and restrict online freedoms

Subsidize traditional media industries

Limit access to digital technologies in member states

Promote digital innovation and ensure a competitive digital market

Protecting intellectual property rights

Restricting access to scientific knowledge

Encouraging investment in cutting-edge technologies

Subsidizing traditional industries

The annual budget of the European Union

Funding allocations for specific EU projects

Long-term budgetary priorities and spending limits for a seven-year period

Taxation policies for EU member states

Tariffs on imports from non-EU countries

Corporate taxes paid by multinational companies

Value-added tax (VAT) contributions from member states

Income tax from EU citizens

Provide subsidies for agricultural production

Promote economic convergence among EU member states

Support military and defense initiatives

Fund large multinational corporations