Users bypassing required workflow steps.

Circumvention of input validation rules.

Unauthorized access through weak password policies.

Resource exhaustion due to delayed or interrupted requests.

The complexity of encryption algorithms used.

The size of the application’s codebase.

The strength of password policies.

Whether the workflows align with business rules and cannot be exploited.

The server lacks proper logging and monitoring.

APIs do not enforce rate limits. 

The application does not validate user input properly.

Critical operations are performed without locking mechanisms.

Encryption only protects data from tampering, not misuse during deserialization

Attackers can bypass encryption by brute-forcing keys

Encrypted data cannot be deserialized correctly

Encryption makes data validation unnecessary, increasing risks

Improved application performance

Automatic data encryption

Enhanced logging capabilities

Remote Code Execution (RCE)

Validating serialized data against predefined schemas

Converting serialized data into human-readable text

Encrypting serialized data for secure transport

Generating malicious payloads for deserialization vulnerability testing

Use Base64 encoding to standardize the format

Store it for later analysis

Reject or drop the data without processing it

Serialize it again to ensure integrity

It automatically compresses data, leading to data loss

It allows non-ASCII symbols that are difficult to decode

It is easily interceptable and modifiable when transmitted in plaintext

It requires complex algorithms to deserialize

Verifying the integrity and origin of the serialized data

Adding metadata to the object for enhanced tracking

Encrypting the serialized object for secure storage

Compressing the data for faster transmission

JSON is text-based and does not directly execute code during parsing

JSON is language-dependent, while binary formats are language-agnostic

JSON is inherently more secure than binary formats

JSON is used only for web applications, unlike binary formats