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Grotius was deeply involved in Dutch politics. In the early 17th century the united kingdom of Spain and , the Dutch East India Company asked Grotius to produce a work legally defending the action on the ground that, by claiming a monopoly on the right of trade, Spain-Portugal had deprived the Dutch of their natural trading rights. The work contained the chapter – in which Grotius defends free access to the ocean for all nations – that appeared under the famous title ) in 1609. The work supported the Dutch position in the negotiations regarding the Twelve Years’ Truce concluded that year with Spain and was widely circulated and often reprinted.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?