A researcher adds invented participant records to a real dataset. A colleague argues, “Because the dataset already existed, this must be falsification rather than fabrication.” Which response is most accurate?

Question

Answer

Adding observations that never occurred constitutes fabrication, even within a real dataset.

Answer

The action is acceptable if the invented records follow the observed pattern.

Answer

The colleague is right because fabrication requires the entire dataset to be invented.

Answer

The action concerns attribution because the original observations came from participants.

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A researcher adds invented participant records to a real dataset. A colleague ar...

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