The presumption in favour of a fideicommissary substitution and against direct substitution if there is reasonable doubt.

The presumption that, when there is a conflict between the printed part and the handwritten or typed part of a standard form will, the written or typed part of the will reflects the true intention of the testator.

The presumption that the testator intended vesting of an inheritance to occur on his or her death.

The presumption that a testator did not wish to disinherit his or her children or descendants but intended to benefit them equally.