Cross-presentation, whereby infected epithelial cells are phagocytosed by dendritic cells, and the viral proteins originally synthesized in the epithelial cells are processed and presented in class I MHC molecules on the dendritic cell

Cross-talk, whereby viral antigens binding to class I MHC molecules in the epithelial cells cause the secretion of inflammatory cytokines that are able to indirectly activate the naïve CD8⁺ T cell, allowing the activated cell to kill infected cells through the secretion of perforin and granzymes

Cross-talk, whereby viral infection of the epithelial cell stimulates the expression of surface molecules that are typically found only on dendritic cells, this allows the epithelial cells to 'talk' to, and activate, naïve CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells

Cross-presentation, whereby viral antigens are expressed in MHC class I molecules that then 'feed' those viral antigens to dendritic cells, these are then able to process and present these antigens in MHC class II molecules for presentation and activation of CD4⁺ T cells