Study the following scenario and then answer the question that follows by choosing one of the available options:

Dudu sits under a tree outside his house and listens to the last few minutes of a soccer match on the radio. The commentator announces that Sundowns have lost, and Dudu is furious. He gets up and kicks very hard at a soccer ball lying near his back door, aiming for the soccer net at the bottom of his garden. However, a sudden gust of wind blows the ball over the wall into the garden of his neighbour, Sindile. The ball startles Sindile’s chickens and they run out of their coop. The chickens awaken Sindile’s dog, Fluffy, lying under a tree on the far side of the garden. Fluffy then starts chasing the chickens, and she runs into a ladder that is resting against a wall of the house. The ladder topples, and Sindile, who is standing on the ladder to clean her gutters, falls to the ground and breaks her arm. Both the ladder and the gutter that Sindile was holding onto also break during the incident.

Which delictual element is missing in this scenario?