A patient with metastatic melanoma is
treated with an antibody which blocks the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1.
Post-treatment blood analysis shows that cytotoxic T cells exhibit increased
metabolic activity, proliferation, and effector function. Molecular assays
indicate that intracellular PI3K/mTOR and RAS/MAPK pathways in these T cells
are activated.

Which explanation best accounts for
the enhanced anti-tumor immune response?

Question

A patient with metastatic melanoma is
treated with an antibody which blocks the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1.
Post-treatment blood analysis shows that cytotoxic T cells exhibit increased
metabolic activity, proliferation, and effector function. Molecular assays
indicate that intracellular PI3K/mTOR and RAS/MAPK pathways in these T cells
are activated.

Which explanation best accounts for
the enhanced anti-tumor immune response?

Answer

PD-1 antibodies increase
regulatory T cell suppression in the tumour microenvironment, enhancing effector
T cell activity

Answer

PD-1 antibodies decrease
T cell receptor specificity for antigen, indirectly enhancing downstream
PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signalling

Answer

PD-1
blockade reduces inhibitory signalling in T cells, allowing activation of
PI3K/mTOR and RAS/MAPK pathways, restoring cytotoxic function

Answer

PD-1 antibodies
inhibit oncogenic RAS/MAPK signalling in tumour cells, slowing tumour growth

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A patient with metastatic melanoma is treated with an antibody which blocks the...

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