A programmer writes a physics engine calculating the trajectory of a projectile. Throughout the physics class, the literal decimal 9.81 appears in over a dozen different mathematical formulas. According to the course guidelines, what is the primary architectural flaw with this code, and what is the optimal solution?

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It is an injected dependency; the value should be dynamically provided through a setter method.

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It is an abstraction violation; the mathematical calculations must be completely hidden inside an external interface.

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It is a privacy leak; the literal must be protected by returning it via a defensive copy method.

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It is a downcasting error; the decimal must be explicitly cast to an integer to prevent memory corruption during execution.

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It is a magic number anti-pattern; the literal should be replaced with a single, named static final constant.

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A programmer writes a physics engine calculating the trajectory of a projectile....

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