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De acordo com Stallings (2018) os primeiros computadores eram de facto " (...) very expensive, and therefore it was important to maximize processor utilization. The wasted time due to scheduling and setup time was unacceptable. To improve utilization, the concept of a batch OS was developed. It appears that the first batch OS (and the first OS of any kind) " foi desenvolvido:

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 De acordo com Stallings (2018) os primeiros computadores eram de facto " (...)  very expensive, and therefore it was important to maximize processor utilization. The wasted time due to scheduling and setup time was unacceptable. To improve utilization, the concept of a batch OS was developed.  It appears that the first batch OS (and the first OS of any kind)  " foi desenvolvido:

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em 1961 pela centro de computação do MIT: o CTSS - "The Compatible Time-Sharing System".

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em 1956 por Robert L. Patrick da General Motors e Owen Mock da North American Aviation para o IBM 704: o GM-NAA I/O.

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Nenhuma das respostas anteriores ou seguintes.

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em 1954 por Doug Ross para o MITʼs Whirlwind: o "Director tape for MITʼs Whirlwind machine".

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em 1955 pela General Motors Research Labs para o IBM 701: o GM Operating System.

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