modifying the integration of EPSP's and IPSP's at the pre-synaptic axon hillock.

modifying the release of transmitter from an excitatory pre-synaptic neuron.

modifying the permeability of the post-synaptic neuron only to Na⁺.

modifying the ability of the post-synaptic neuron to respond to any of its inputs.

producing a smaller EPSP in the post-synaptic neuron.