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Jonathan Bradfield has been farming for 42 years and is currently the owner of Limestone Hill, outside Bathurst in the Eastern Cape. Jonathan farms mainly with pineapples together with his sons-in-law, Anton Ferreira and Albert van der Westhuizen. In 2006, Limestone Hill was nearly ruined when the toxic metal cadmium was found in a consignment of canned pineapples in Europe. A multi-national fertiliser distributor imported low-grade zinc-sulphate from Asia that contained high concentrations of cadmium and lead. It contaminated the local export of canned pineapple rings, and South Africa’s reputation as a pineapple producer was scarred. At the time, it was a catastrophe as no one knew where it was going to end. The problem was discovered in Switzerland while testing a batch of canned pineapples imported from South Africa. The entire shipment had to be returned as it could not be established which of the cans contained the toxic metal. This was a tremendous loss for Limestone Hill, as most of their annual produce was included in this shipment. Limestone Hill’s inability to test for cadmium in canned pineapples was a/n ____ for Limestone Hill.