This is a special system of organization of labour markets proposed as a part of Washington Consensus. As Williamson later complained, the unwillingness to implement the system might have been responsible for the failure of the whole concept of Washington Consensus.

This is a feature typical for the Yugoslavian market capitalism model: families of workers appointed to the workers' councils were registered in the system and this gave them access to special privileges (e.g. access to special shops with shortage commodities).

This system was used in the People's Republic of China. Even though it was reformed significantly since the beginning of reforms, its effects on current Chinese economy and society are still visible.

The system was used in imperial China, it was abolished at the beginning of the first five-year plan in China.