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For many nomadic groups, mobility is not merely a matter of survival but a deliberate way of preserving cultural identity. Their movements often follow seasonal shifts, allowing them to access grazing lands and water sources that change throughout the year. However, in recent decades, expanding cities and stricter national borders have limited their freedom to move. Some governments encourage nomads to settle permanently, arguing that this will improve access to education and healthcare. Yet such policies often overlook the sophisticated knowledge systems nomads have developed—knowledge that enables them to thrive in environments where settled communities might struggle.
Question (10) : The phrase settled communities refers to: