what role do protocols such as HTTP, DNS, and FTP play at the application layer, and how do they interact with lower layers?

Question

Answer

They manage data compression and formatting, while the physical layer handles transmission

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They encrypt data for secure communication, while network layer protocols handle routing

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They provide user-facing services like web browsing and file transfer, while relying on transport layer protocols like TCP to ensure data delivery

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They handle packet switching between nodes, while the data link layer ensures error-free transmission

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