Giving the client space to express themselves in the best way they see fit at the moment.

Striving to understand the client’s frame of reference while observing their feeling state and constantly paraphrasing what they said as a way of confirming that the counsellor understood what they said.

Listening to what the client says, making notes of relevant parts of their verbalisation and then giving a summary at the end to convince the client that you have been listening.

Allowing the client to express her/his feelings, perceptions and thoughts without putting any judgement on what they say.