Which

of the following combinations with regard to the stages of the organisational

life cycle are correct?

a. 

Growth through collaboration: Collaboration takes

the form of creating semi-autonomous

product divisions and strategic business units.

b. 

Start-up and early growth: The launching of a

venture and the initial penetration of the market.

c. 

Growth through direction: Where management puts the

necessary systems and structures in place, and augments the leadership team

with functional area professionals, another period of sustained growth ensures.

d. 

Growth through Coordination: Companies must

simplify structures and procedures, reduce head office staff, reassign staff

experts, create matrix structures and emphasise innovative projects involving

cross-functional teams.