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A female patient suffering from bronchial asthma contracted a viral infection that triggered status asthmaticus (=acute severe asthma) with a fatal outcome. Histological examination of the lungs revealed spasm and edema of bronchioles. The doctor diagnosed an apparent infiltration of walls with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and other leukocytes as well as labrocyte (=mast cell) degranulation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity underlies the described alterations?