In the context of microbial risk assessment, why is it challenging to determine an accurate dose–response relationship for pathogens?

Question

Answer

Dose–response relationships for pathogens are linear and require no additional data interpretation.

Answer

Variability in host factors, pathogen strain differences, and the non-threshold nature of infectious doses complicate modeling.

Answer

Animal studies provide more accurate dose–response curves than human studies.

Answer

Pathogens are always present in high doses, making low-dose extrapolation unnecessary.

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