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Jonathan Bradfield has been farming for 42 years and is currently the owner of Limestone Hill, outside Bathurst in the Eastern Cape. Jonathan farms mainly with pineapples together with his sons-in-law, Anton Ferreira and Albert van der Westhuizen. In 2006, Limestone Hill was nearly ruined when the toxic metal cadmium was found in a consignment of canned pineapples in Europe. A multi-national fertiliser distributor imported low-grade zinc-sulphate from Asia that contained high concentrations of cadmium and lead. It contaminated the local export of canned pineapple rings, and South Africa’s reputation as a pineapple producer was scarred. At the time, it was a catastrophe as no one knew where it was going to end. The problem was discovered in Switzerland while testing a batch of canned pineapples imported from South Africa. The entire shipment had to be returned as it could not be established which of the cans contained the toxic metal. This was a tremendous loss for Limestone Hill, as most of their annual produce was included in this shipment. Bradfield explained that the juice of pineapples is more easily tested, as you can juice a large batch of pineapples and afterwards ensure the cadmium levels are within the acceptable limit before bottling. The overall pineapple industry, as well as Limestone Hill, started concentrating more on juicing instead of only canning pineapples to prevent such large losses of product and revenue from occurring again. Considering the cadmium contamination, the decision to focus on juicing of pineapples can be regarded as a/n ____ for Limestone Hill.