Consider the following output of the Linux stat command (some information from the output has been omitted but you won’t be asked about it).
[tassos@bert ~/test]$ stat hello.php
File: ‘hello.php’
Size: 88 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 24h/36d Inode: 21109162 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)
Access: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.903447371 +0000
Modify: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.904447405 +0000
Change: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.905447439 +0000

Based on this output, select all of the following that are true (incorrect selections will reduce your overall marks for this question).

Question

Consider the following output of the Linux stat command (some information from the output has been omitted but you won’t be asked about it).  
 [tassos@bert ~/test]$ stat hello.php 
 File: ‘hello.php’ 
 Size: 88     Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096  regular file 
 Device: 24h/36d    Inode: 21109162    Links: 1 
 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  
 Access: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.903447371 +0000 
 Modify: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.904447405 +0000 
 Change: 2026-01-24 00:06:41.905447439 +0000  
 
 Based on this output, select all of the following that are true (incorrect selections will reduce your overall marks for this question).

Accepted Answer

The access permissions for this file allow everyone to read it.

Accepted Answer

We can be certain that the file’s content was last modified on 2026-01-24 00:06:41 (mtime) (assume no hacking attempt on the file).

Answer

We can be certain that there is one more file, other than hello.php, that is linked to the same inode number 21109162.

Answer

We can be certain that the access permissions to the file were changed on 2026-01-24 00:06:41 ( ctime ).

Answer

The file size is 88 bytes and we need 8 blocks for it, so each block is 11 bytes.

Answer

A symbolic (soft) link to hello.php will have a size of 88 bytes.

Crowdly

Consider the following output of the Linux stat command (some information from t...

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