For Type 2 diabetes management, which class of oral hypoglycemic agents acts as insulin sensitizers by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving peripheral glucose uptake via GLUT-4?

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Answer

Sulfonylureas; bind ATP-dependent K⁺ channels on β-cells for insulin secretion.

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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., Acarbose); delay carbohydrate digestion in the intestine.

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GLP-1 agonists (e.g., Semaglutide); delay gastric emptying and inhibit glucagon.

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SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., Empagliflozin); promote urinary glucose excretion for CV benefits.

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Biguanides (e.g., Metformin); first-line therapy, also used off-label for PCOS and weight reduction.

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For Type 2 diabetes management, which class of oral hypoglycemic agents acts as ...

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