If the 'plain meaning' of the words is ambiguous, vague or misleading, or if a strict literal interpretation would result in absurd results, the court may deviate from the literal meaning to avoid such an absurdity

Irrespective of how clear or unambiguous the grammatical meaning of the legislative text may seem to be, the relevant contextual factors (e.g. the practical effects of different interpretations, as well as the background of the provision) must be considered

Once the meaning of the text and context e.g. language in context is determined, it may not be applied irrespective of whether the interpreter is of the opinion that the legislature intended something

The 'plain meaning' in the text should be strictly considered as this would be vague and misleading