Circular supply models extend product lifespan, whereas resource recovery models reduce underutilization through shared access.

Circular supply models replace virgin raw materials with bio-based, renewable, or recovered inputs, whereas resource recovery models turn waste and residual materials into secondary raw materials.

Circular supply models focus on maximizing product utilization, while resource recovery models focus on replacing ownership with access.

Circular supply models eliminate waste generation entirely, whereas resource recovery models eliminate the need for consumption.