in Lean manufacturing refers to any excessive

movement of materials or resources which turns out costly, can negatively affect

the quality, and does not add value to the end product

type refers to any unnecessary movement of

people or equipment which affects production time, the safety of the working

environment, and workplace organization. This can include moving, lifting,

reaching, etc.

is related to an

excessive overstocking of materials or resources to meet unexpected customer demands.

However, in most cases, the end result of this inventory is increased storage

costs and no added value for customers

that refer to any product or service which is

not fit for use and requires rework or scrapping altogether. All defects lead

inevitably to additional costs and do not add value to the customers