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Consider a signature with constants a, b; function symbols f, g; predicate symbols p, q and variables x, y, z.
Given the following first-order formula Φ:
∀x∀y.(p(x,y) ∧ ¬q(f(a()), f(z), g(a(),b()))) ∧ p(z,z)
Which of the following properties hold?