In the US, skin color is thought to mark unchanging racial categories, in Japan the relationship between skin color and racial categories is fluid and shifting and in Brazil skin color is potentially unimportant to defining racial categories.

In Brazil, skin color is thought to mark unchanging racial categories, in the US the relationship between skin color and racial categories is fluid and shifting and in Japan skin color is potentially unimportant to defining racial categories.

In Japan, skin color is thought to mark unchanging racial categories, in the US the relationship between skin color and racial categories is fluid and shifting and in Brazil skin color is potentially unimportant to defining racial categories.