When your attention is attracted to a feature of the language that you are exposed to and you make a mental note of it. Proponents of cognitive learning theory believe that it's a prerequisite for learning, but not the only one. Turns 'noise' into input before it becomes intake (before it's moved into long-term memory).

When a teacher creates different types of tasks and activities in which learners have to interact with each other, usually in small groups or pairs, to exchange information or solve problems

This is a language teaching and learning approach that encourages language

learners to be exposed to a large amount of easily comprehensible and

enjoyable materials presented in the target language, listening for pleasure

without paying attention to the specific content or language being used (over an extended period).

The more the learner listens to the target language, and the more he

reads and speaks in the language - i.e. the higher the degree of contact to the

TL he receives - the more competent he is likely to become in the language.

This is a student-centered, motivational, creative and meaningful teaching approach. Students at all ages can be involved in it and show their knowledge, skills, and special abilities on a great variety of topics.