Consider the following digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which uses a 3-bit digital word () as the input to control the switches shown in the figure— is the least significant bit (LSB) and is most significant bit (MSB).

For example, for any , if ’1’ the respective switches are closed, implying that the switches controlled by ’0’ are open.

Assuming and the reference voltage , what is the analog output voltage for a binary input of ?