Problem 4

A 4.5 m long pin ended column supports a maximum axial compression load of 40 kN without failing by buckling or yielding.  The column is required to support a greater load and this is achieved by changing the one end of the column to be fixed rigidly to its concrete foundation.  What is the axial load the column can now carry without failing? [1 mark]

Provide you answer to 2 decimal places in units of kN.