Maddy was visiting Laos and was so excited to ride on elephants at a conservation park. She was particularly happy to donate her time to the park as it helps to raise awareness about illegal hunting. A few days later she noticed a lump on her leg that she is sure wasn’t there before.  

Part A

The lump is hot and red and about 1 cm diameter.  Describe why it is hot and red, including the cells that contribute to this, and the effects on her body.

     (3 marks)

Part B

The next day the lump is bigger and Maddy goes to a doctor. The doctor tells her it is a ‘Staph’ infection. She does some reading that learns that the Staphylococcus bacteria probably came from the skin of the elephant.

   (i)    Draw a timeline like the one below and use lines to show how the level of ‘Staph’ antigen in her body changed over time. 

   (ii)   Indicate when the adaptive immune response was triggered.

   (iii)  Indicate when memory cells were made.

   (iv)  What type of cells were the memory cells?

      (4 marks)