During starvation, glucose and fatty acids are not enough to provide energy for survival. The body uses another fuel called ketone bodies to ensure the bodies’ energy demands are met. The process of ketone body formation is known as ketogenesis. Ketogenesis is very high after few weeks of starvation.

During starvation or uncontrolled diabetes, β-oxidation happens faster than carbohydrate breakdown. A large amount of acetyl CoA is produced during β-oxidation. The entry of this acetyl CoA into the TCA cycle to make energy is dependent on the availability of oxaloacetate.

Generally, when the carbohydrate levels are low (starvation) the levels of oxaloacetate are also low as it is being used to make glucose through the gluconeogenesis pathway.

Therefore, the excess acetyl CoA is converted into ketone bodies.

How many forms of ketone bodies are found in the body?

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