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A factory quality manager investigates the number of defective items produced each day. He collects the following data for days:
| Number of defective items | ||||
| 12 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 12 |
| 2 | 10 | 7 | 19 | 11 |
| 6 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 7 |
He wants to determine if the manufacturing process is under control. The standard deviation of the number of defective items, rounded to two decimal places, is