In South African criminal law, the crime of assault may be committed through either direct or indirect application of force. Which of the following best reflects what is meant by indirect application of force?

Question

Answer

The accused threatens to apply force at a later stage, without any immediate act or conduct affecting the victim.

Answer

The accused intentionally causes force to be applied to the victim through an intervening object, substance, or mechanism, without directly touching the victim.

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The accused negligently causes harm to the victim without intending to apply force.

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The accused applies force to the victim’s body through direct physical contact, such as hitting or pushing.

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In South African criminal law, the crime of assault may be committed through eit...

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