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Ethicists use the term "theory of punishment" to refer to an attempt to answer the following question(s):
What are the main factors that motivate people to commit crimes? Does punishment deter or encourage crime?
When is it morally justified to punish an offender, and how should offenders be punished for particular offences?
Why do all human societies utilise methods of punishment? What evolutionary purpose does punishment serve?
Which methods of punishment are most successful in deterring and preventing crime, and why?
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