Population, when unchecked, increases in an arithmetical ratio.

A positive check on population, such as increased infant mortality, famine, epidemics or war, characterizes a Malthusian catastrophe.

A Malthusian check or catastrophe results from the growth of population outpacing that of food production.

All of theses choices describe Malthusianism.

A Malthusian catastrophe cannot be avoided due to Earth’s finite production capacity.