How
do South African courts treat precatory words in wills (e.g., “I wish”, “I
hope”, “it is my desire”)?

Question

Answer

They automatically convert the clause into a trust with fiduciary duties.

Answer

They invalidate the clause because the testator’s intention is uncertain.

Answer

They impose a legally enforceable obligation on the heir or legatee.

Answer

They are generally interpreted as non‑binding expressions of hope or
preference.

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