In 1911, Rutherford performed a decisive experiment when sending a beam of α particles (⁴₂He, positive charge) to a thin gold foil. He observed that most of the α particles went through the foil; only few particles were scattered. It is because:

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Nuclear of gold atom is very small that leads to low probability to interact with α particles

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Electron of gold atom moves extremely fast, it cannot interact with α particles

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Nuclear of gold atom is large which defines the atom's volume

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Nuclear of gold atom has no charge thus it could not interact with α particles

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In 1911, Rutherford performed a decisive experiment when sending a beam of α par...

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