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We consider three countries: A, B, and RoW ("Rest of the World"). A imports good 1 from B and RoW; B imports good 2 from A and RoW; RoW imports good 3 from A and B. We suppose that A and B agree to form a customs union. In terms of surplus, in which case(s) would it be prefererable to form a free trade area instead of a customs union?