Case Study: (12 marks)

Mr. Ahmed, a 52-year-old male, presents to the outpatient clinic for

routine follow-up.

Chief Complaints

• Increased fatigue over 3 months
• Polyuria and nocturia
• Occasional blurred vision

Medical History

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  (diagnosed 5 years ago)

• Hypertension (8 years)
• Dyslipidemia

Current Medications

• Metformin 1000 mg BID
• Amlodipine 5 mg OD
• Atorvastatin 20 mg OD

Social History

• Sedentary lifestyle
• BMI: 31 kg/m² (obese)
• Smoker (10 pack-years)

Clinical & Laboratory Findings

• BP: 142/88 mmHg
• HbA1c: 8.7%
• Fasting plasma glucose: 168 mg/dL
• eGFR: 72 mL/min/1.73m²
• LDL-C: 110 mg/dL

Additional Clinical Notes

• No history of cardiovascular

  disease

• No hypoglycemia episodes reported

• Mild peripheral neuropathy

  symptoms

Q1a. Analyze the patient’s current clinical status and evaluate an appropriate

individualized treatment plan based on recent IDF guidelines. Justify your

therapeutic choices. (4 marks)